La observación. Primer eslabón del método clínico / Observation. First step of the clinical method

Introducción: la observación es la base del conocimiento del mundo y de la actividad científica. Objetivo: destacar la importancia de la observación como parte del método clínico para arribar al diagnóstico en un proceso salud enfermedad y poder decidir la terapéutica adecuada. Desarrollo: el método de observación es un proceso de descomposición-recomposición de informaciones obtenidas mediante la percepción, según los fines científicos establecidos en los modos de observación construidos. Se señala que es un proceso activo y organizado en el tiempo, en el cual se considera, un conjunto de fenómenos que pueden ser analizados. Conclusiones: la observación es la primera etapa del método clínico porque es de donde parte la obtención de información, tanto por lo que dice el enfermo como por lo que se puede observar mediante la inspección. Quiere decir que, no solo la información se vincula con la comunicación verbal, sino con formas no verbales como la inspección, y de esa forma se llega a acopiar datos sobre lo que ya puede ser explícito o general o sobre aspectos más particulares o específicos(AU)

Introduction: observation is the basis of knowledge of the world and of scientific activity. Objective: to emphasize the importance of observation as part of the clinical method to arrive at the diagnosis in a disease health process and to be able to decide the appropriate treatment. Development: the observation method is a process of decomposition-recomposition of information obtained through perception, according to the scientific purposes established in the modes of observation constructed. It is pointed out that it is an active and organized process over time, in which it is considered, a set of phenomena that can be analyzed. Conclusions: observation is the first stage of the clinical method because it is from where the information is obtained, both by what the patient says and by what can be observed through inspection. It means that not only information is linked to verbal communication, but also to non-verbal forms such as inspection, and in this way it is possible to collect data on what can already be explicit or general or on more specific or specific aspects(AU)

Violencia laboral en trabajadores del sector salud: revisión sistemática / Workplace violence among health care workers

The aim of this review is to describe and to analyze scientific reports about occupational violence in the health area. A systematic review of the literature on Academic Search Complete (EBSCO Host), Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and Web of Science was performed and 23 articles were selected for analysis. Most studies are quantitative, measuring workplace violence and its consequences, including multi-stratum samples. They mainly measure psychological and external violence and their subjects are hospital workers. Violence is conceived as coming from organizational dimensions. Facilitators of violence are related to the nature of the job and the most commonly studied consequences are related to mental health. The main consequences of the phenomenon are depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and work stress. The nature of the job as a facilitator of violence relates primarily to the place of work and to the profession. Most of the studies are carried out with multi-stratum samples and combine workers from different services. However, studies in psychiatric services and with nursing staff are also common.